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Wilson cloud chamber - translation to ρωσικά
![Fig. 5: In a diffusion cloud chamber, a 5.3 MeV alpha-particle track from a Pb-210 pin source near Point (1) undergoes [[Rutherford scattering]] near Point (2), deflecting by angle theta of about 30 degrees. It scatters once again near Point (3), and finally comes to rest in the gas. The target nucleus in the chamber gas could have been a nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen nucleus. It received enough kinetic energy in the elastic collision to cause a short visible recoiling track near Point (2). (The scale is in centimeters.)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AlphaTrackRutherfordScattering3.jpg?width=200 "Fig. 5: In a diffusion cloud chamber, a 5.3 MeV alpha-particle track from a Pb-210 pin source near Point (1) undergoes [[Rutherford scattering]] near Point (2), deflecting by angle theta of about 30 degrees. It scatters once again near Point (3), and finally comes to rest in the gas. The target nucleus in the chamber gas could have been a nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen nucleus. It received enough kinetic energy in the elastic collision to cause a short visible recoiling track near Point (2). (The scale is in centimeters.)")
![Fig. 1: Cloud chamber photograph used to prove the existence of the [[positron]]. Observed by C. Anderson.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PositronDiscovery.png?width=200 "Fig. 1: Cloud chamber photograph used to prove the existence of the [[positron]]. Observed by C. Anderson.")
![Animated Version]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cloud chamber bionerd.jpg?width=200 "Animated Version]]")
![Cloud chamber with cloud tracks created by particles of [[ionising radiation]] (Image taken after injection of [[radon]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Radon decay in a cloud chamber.jpg?width=200 "Cloud chamber with cloud tracks created by particles of [[ionising radiation]] (Image taken after injection of [[radon]])")
.png?width=200 "Alpha particles from a Radium source in a cloud chamber")
физика
камера Вильсона
['klaudtʃeimbə]
физика
камера Вильсона
конденсационная камера
Ορισμός
Βικιπαίδεια
A cloud chamber, also known as a Wilson cloud chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation.
A cloud chamber consists of a sealed environment containing a supersaturated vapor of water or alcohol. An energetic charged particle (for example, an alpha or beta particle) interacts with the gaseous mixture by knocking electrons off gas molecules via electrostatic forces during collisions, resulting in a trail of ionized gas particles. The resulting ions act as condensation centers around which a mist-like trail of small droplets form if the gas mixture is at the point of condensation. These droplets are visible as a "cloud" track that persists for several seconds while the droplets fall through the vapor. These tracks have characteristic shapes. For example, an alpha particle track is thick and straight, while a beta particle track is wispy and shows more evidence of deflections by collisions.
Cloud chambers were invented in the early 1900s by the Scottish physicist Charles Thomson Rees Wilson. They played a prominent role in experimental particle physics from the 1920s to the 1950s, until the advent of the bubble chamber. In particular, the discoveries of the positron in 1932 (see Fig. 1) and the muon in 1936, both by Carl Anderson (awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936), used cloud chambers. Discovery of the kaon by George Rochester and Clifford Charles Butler in 1947, also was made using a cloud chamber as the detector. In each of these cases, cosmic rays were the source of ionizing radiation. Yet they were also used with artificial sources of particles, for example in radiography applications as part of the Manhattan Project.
